This study points out that young people age 8-10 become the major
participants in most wars in Africa. Some forces in Africa are made up largely
of young teenagers. The study also indicated that Africa is not only the
poorest continent, it is also the youngest. Half of the populations of African
countries are under the age of 18.

Volume 68 No. 2 pp.183-209 1998

The paper indicates that girls as young as 13-14 married boys of 14-15 years.
These marriages didn?t usually last long, and people are worried not only about
the loss of respect for the Rwandan culture and tradition values, but also about
the future of the marriages and what became of the children.

Volume 68 No. 2 pp.211-237 1998

This article focuses upon the third discourse and, above all, upon the tragic
consequences of practices associated with belief in witchcraft as the cause of
evil and as a casual agent in HIV transmission in Chiawa, a Zambian village.

Volume 67 No. 2 pp.183-209 1997

• African Studies Review: Population Pressure, Social Change, Culture
  and Malawi?s Pattern of Fertility Transition
  Ezekiel Kalipeni

Fertility rates in Malawi continued to be among the highest in the world, while
mortality rates have declined significantly from 35 deaths per 1000 population in
1965 to low of 20 deaths per 1000 people in 1995. With extremely high level of
fertility and a rapidly expanding population, fertility decline might be a desirable
goal.

Volume 40 No. 2 pp. 173-208 Sept. 1997

During the colonial era, women in Ugogo in central Tanzania, like most of Africa,
became increasingly marginalized as producer in a rural economy. A colonial
imposed sexual division of labor saw men forced into a cash crop economy while
women were officially regulated to subordinate subsistence activities. Women
became victims of a version of the "cult of domesticity" that limited their ability
to control resource both within and outside the household.

Volume 39 No. 1 pp. 83-101 April 1996

Population growth and high levels of fertility in Sub-Saharan africa remain a
significance important to development in the region. This study was an
attempt to portray the importance of incorporating male reproductive and
contraceptive desires into the calculation of the unmet need for contraception.
By providing estimates the study documenting that including male preferences
reduces currently accepted levels of unmet need by more than 50%.

Volume 39 No. 3 pp. 29-41 December 1996

• Nigerian Primary School Teachers? Perception of Schooling
  during the Second Decade of Universal Primary Education
  Cynthia Szymanski Sunal, Dennis W. Sunal and Osayimense Ose

Universal primary education was designed to educate children between age
6-12. It resulted from a recognition that those receiving a primary education
tended to be male, urban, well-to-do resident in a Southeast or Southwest
state in Nigeria. These education imbalances were factors to increase the
stresses already experiences by a nation with over 200 ethnic groups
speaking many languages and practicing different relegions. The result of
this study indicates that the serious problem reported in earlier studies
continued to exist in primary education in Nigeria during its second decade.

Volume 37 No. 3 pp.51-75 December 1994

Even though reliable data are scarce, it appear that the continent of Africa
has some of the highest mortality rates in the world. Estimates of crude death
rates are of the order of seventeen per 1000 population as compared to eleven
for Asia and nine for Latin America. This study provides an analysis of the
determinants of mortality in apart of Ethiopia, an area called Legeambo. The
study found quite strong evidence that, at least in one rural area in Ethiopia,
the incidence of mortality is systematically related both to the distance to the
water source and to the cash income receipts, as well as to family size.

Volume 34 No. 2 pp. 81-90 September 1991